Concrete and Indiana Winters
Indiana's freeze-thaw cycle is concrete's hardest test. Water infiltrates micro-cracks and pores in concrete, freezes, and expands β enlarging those cracks slightly with each cycle. Over 5β10 years of Indiana winters, improperly mixed or placed concrete deteriorates significantly while properly done work holds up with minimal maintenance.
Air-entrained concrete mixes β which contain microscopic air bubbles that give water somewhere to expand without cracking the concrete β are the appropriate specification for outdoor concrete in this region. Not every crew uses them. We do.
Drainage slope matters as much as mix design. Concrete that holds water or allows water to pond against structures creates both freeze-thaw stress on the slab and drainage problems for whatever is nearby. We slope every pour correctly before it goes in β not as an afterthought.